AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH
Original Article
Mar 12, 2026 6 4

Green synthesis of Euphorbia hirta Extract–Based Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles: Structural and Biological Insights toward Diabetes Treatment

Sowmiya Arul 1,
Sasikala Suresh 1,
Usharani Nagarajan 1 *
1 Department of Molecular Analytics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India* Corresponding Author
Australian Journal of Biomedical Research, 2(1), 2026, aubm015, https://doi.org/10.63946/aubiomed/18085
Publication date: Mar 12, 2026
Full Text (PDF)

ABSTRACT

Euphorbia hirta is a novel medicinal plant with clinical applications that demonstrate antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity. Precisely, the state of the art of this plant has been extensively explored within the context of nanotechnology and its advancements. The all-inclusive efficiency of this plant can be achieved by incorporating metal nanoparticles. In this current study, plant extract-incorporated Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles (MBGNs) were prepared and characterized for controlled delivery toward diabetes Treatment. Moreover, a novel and holistic approach based on the synthesis, functionalization, and biological characterization of Euphorbia hirta-loaded MBGNs to evaluate their structural integrity and antibacterial efficacy was employed. MBGNs were synthesized via a sol–gel method, functionalized using APTES, and subsequently loaded with Euphorbia hirta extract. Structural characterization using SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD was performed, and a significant zone of inhibition was achieved to execute antibacterial activity. MBGNs exhibited notable antibacterial activity, particularly against S. aureus and A. baumannii. However, functionalization and extract loading led to poor antibacterial activity, likely due to hindered ion release and altered surface interactions. While Euphorbia hirta-loaded MBGNs demonstrate structural and chemical stability, surface modifications may compromise antibacterial activity. These findings emphasise the importance of striking a balance between structural alteration and functional performance. These results provide valuable insights for designing and scoping the development of multifunctional nanocarriers in biomedical applications, particularly for diabetes wound healing and localized antimicrobial therapies.

KEYWORDS

Euphorbia hirta MBGN Antibacterial Activity Phytochemical Delivery Sol–Gel Synthesis

CITATION (Vancouver)

Arul S, Suresh S, Nagarajan U. Green synthesis of Euphorbia hirta Extract–Based Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles: Structural and Biological Insights toward Diabetes Treatment. Australian Journal of Biomedical Research. 2026;2(1):aubm015. https://doi.org/10.63946/aubiomed/18085
APA
Arul, S., Suresh, S., & Nagarajan, U. (2026). Green synthesis of Euphorbia hirta Extract–Based Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles: Structural and Biological Insights toward Diabetes Treatment. Australian Journal of Biomedical Research, 2(1), aubm015. https://doi.org/10.63946/aubiomed/18085
Harvard
Arul, S., Suresh, S., and Nagarajan, U. (2026). Green synthesis of Euphorbia hirta Extract–Based Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles: Structural and Biological Insights toward Diabetes Treatment. Australian Journal of Biomedical Research, 2(1), aubm015. https://doi.org/10.63946/aubiomed/18085
AMA
Arul S, Suresh S, Nagarajan U. Green synthesis of Euphorbia hirta Extract–Based Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles: Structural and Biological Insights toward Diabetes Treatment. Australian Journal of Biomedical Research. 2026;2(1), aubm015. https://doi.org/10.63946/aubiomed/18085
Chicago
Arul, Sowmiya, Sasikala Suresh, and Usharani Nagarajan. "Green synthesis of Euphorbia hirta Extract–Based Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles: Structural and Biological Insights toward Diabetes Treatment". Australian Journal of Biomedical Research 2026 2 no. 1 (2026): aubm015. https://doi.org/10.63946/aubiomed/18085
MLA
Arul, Sowmiya et al. "Green synthesis of Euphorbia hirta Extract–Based Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles: Structural and Biological Insights toward Diabetes Treatment". Australian Journal of Biomedical Research, vol. 2, no. 1, 2026, aubm015. https://doi.org/10.63946/aubiomed/18085

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