Keyword: Phytochemical Delivery

ABSTRACT: Euphorbia hirta is a novel medicinal plant with clinical applications that demonstrate antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity. Precisely, the state of the art of this plant has been extensively explored within the context of nanotechnology and its advancements. The all-inclusive efficiency of this plant can be achieved by incorporating metal nanoparticles. In this current study, plant extract-incorporated Mesoporous Bioactive Glass Nanoparticles (MBGNs) were prepared and characterized for controlled delivery toward diabetes Treatment. Moreover, a novel and holistic approach based on the synthesis, functionalization, and biological characterization of Euphorbia hirta-loaded MBGNs to evaluate their structural integrity and antibacterial efficacy was employed. MBGNs were synthesized via a sol–gel method, functionalized using APTES, and subsequently loaded with Euphorbia hirta extract. Structural characterization using SEM, EDX, FTIR, and XRD was performed, and a significant zone of inhibition was achieved to execute antibacterial activity. MBGNs exhibited notable antibacterial activity, particularly against S. aureus and A. baumannii. However, functionalization and extract loading led to poor antibacterial activity, likely due to hindered ion release and altered surface interactions. While Euphorbia hirta-loaded MBGNs demonstrate structural and chemical stability, surface modifications may compromise antibacterial activity. These findings emphasise the importance of striking a balance between structural alteration and functional performance. These results provide valuable insights for designing and scoping the development of multifunctional nanocarriers in biomedical applications, particularly for diabetes wound healing and localized antimicrobial therapies.